Cognitive Decline: Research & Suggested Diet

Standalone exported copy from FoodPlanner, generated 2026-08-24 10:08. Every link that would normally point back into the FoodPlanner app has been converted to plain text -- this file opens on its own, with no server or network connection required. External citation links (to the underlying studies) are still live.

Cognitive Decline Research

Clinical trials, cohort findings, and case reports relevant to Mild Cognitive Impairment, Alzheimer's Disease, and general age-related dementia -- built for evaluating a product or compound before recommending it to someone managing a real diagnosis, not for general healthy-adult nutrition targets (see Health Goals' "Memory / Cognitive Function" goal for that). Organized into tabs by how directly the evidence transfers to an actual diagnosed patient -- a trial run in diagnosed patients is a different kind of evidence than a general-population cohort predicting who later develops dementia. Where a finding dosed a single isolated compound to increase, matching products from the food catalog are shown with the capsule/serving count needed to reach that dose, computed live from each product's own data. Findings about keeping something under a limit (e.g. Sugars, Sodium) don't get a product match -- "how many capsules to reach a ceiling" isn't a meaningful question. The Suggested Diet tab flattens every finding below (except Safety reports) into one target list, organized the way a diet guideline would be -- it does not check whether any of it is achievable with what's currently in the food catalog.

Erinacine A Floor
Positive
Mild/early Alzheimer's Disease, diagnosed (n=41, 20 treatment/21 placebo, mean age ~74-77)
Preparation
Erinacine A-enriched Hericium erinaceus mycelium, liquid-culture, capsules standardized to 5mg/g erinacine A
Dose
5.25 mg/day — 350mg capsule (1.75mg erinacine A) x3/day
Duration
49 weeks (~1 year)

In diagnosed mild/early Alzheimer's patients, daily erinacine A-enriched mycelium significantly improved MMSE scores relative to a placebo group that continued to decline, alongside improved IADL (instrumental activities of daily living) scores and better contrast sensitivity. One of the only human trials targeting erinacine A specifically (rather than whole fruiting-body powder) in a diagnosed-impairment population, and the longest-duration Hericium cognition trial found (~1 year) -- most others run 4-16 weeks. This is the dose Nootropics Depot's Erinamax (2.5mg erinacine A/capsule) appears designed against: 2 capsules/day = 5mg, ~95% of this trial's 5.25mg/day target.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


Matching products in this catalog
Product Content per capsule Needed to reach this dose
Nootropics Depot Erinamax Lion's Mane Capsules (Liquid Culture Mycelium, 500mg, 2.5mg Erinacine A per Capsule, 60 Count) 2.500 mg 2.1 capsules/day
Folate Floor
Positive
Adults over 70 with diagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment, MRI-confirmed outcomes (n=271, VITACOG trial)
Preparation
Oral folic acid, combined with Vitamin B12 and Vitamin B6
Dose
0.8 mg/day — 0.8mg/day folic acid + 0.5mg/day B12 + 20mg/day B6 combination
Duration
2 years

Landmark double-blind RCT in adults over 70 with diagnosed MCI: the 3-vitamin combination slowed brain atrophy by up to 53% vs. placebo (MRI-confirmed), working via lowered homocysteine (a toxic metabolic byproduct linked to dementia risk). Effect was strongest in participants with elevated baseline homocysteine -- not necessarily universal. This is a combination-product trial; folate's own standalone contribution wasn't isolated. Within this app's own tracked Folate UL (1,000µg synthetic) -- safe as a target.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified Folate amount to match against this dose.

Hericium erinaceus (whole fruiting body, dry powder) Floor
Positive
Mild Cognitive Impairment, age 50-80 (n=30, 15 treatment/15 placebo)
Preparation
Tablets, 96% Yamabushitake dry powder
Dose
3 g/day — 4x250mg tablets, 3 times/day
Duration
16 weeks treatment + 4 weeks follow-up (154 days total)

In patients with mild cognitive impairment, daily intake significantly increased scores on the revised Hasegawa Dementia Scale (HDS-R) compared to placebo, with scores continuing to rise through week 16. Effect was not durable: scores fell back toward baseline during the 4-week follow-up after supplementation stopped -- benefit appears to require continued use rather than being a lasting change from a defined course.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified Hericium erinaceus (whole fruiting body, dry powder) amount to match against this dose.

Phycocyanin Floor
Positive
Adults with diagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment
Preparation
Spirulina maxima 70% ethanol extract
Dose
1000 mg/day — 1g/day Spirulina maxima extract
Duration
12 weeks

RCT in adults with diagnosed MCI found improved visual memory at 1g/day of a concentrated Spirulina maxima extract. Phycocyanin is the extract's dominant, most-studied bioactive but this was not an isolated-phycocyanin trial -- this catalog's Spirulina Powder is a different, less-concentrated preparation than the tested extract.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


Matching products in this catalog
Product Content per teaspoon Needed to reach this dose
Nutrex Hawaii Spirulina Powder (Pure Hawaiian) 288.99 mg 3.5 teaspoons/day
Vitamin B12 Floor
Positive
Adults over 70 with diagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment, MRI-confirmed outcomes (n=271, VITACOG trial)
Preparation
Oral cyanocobalamin, combined with Folate and Vitamin B6
Dose
0.5 mg/day — 0.5mg/day B12 + 0.8mg/day folic acid + 20mg/day B6 combination
Duration
2 years

Same VITACOG trial as the Folate entry above -- part of the 3-vitamin combination that slowed brain atrophy by up to 53% over 2 years in diagnosed MCI patients. Well above this app's 2.4µg RDA, but B12 has no established UL due to low toxicity potential. Not tested with B12 alone.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified Vitamin B12 amount to match against this dose.

Vitamin B6 Floor
Positive
Adults over 70 with diagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment, MRI-confirmed outcomes (n=271, VITACOG trial)
Preparation
Oral pyridoxine, combined with Folate and Vitamin B12
Dose
20 mg/day — 20mg/day B6 + 0.8mg/day folic acid + 0.5mg/day B12 combination
Duration
2 years

Same VITACOG trial as the Folate/B12 entries above -- part of the 3-vitamin combination that slowed brain atrophy by up to 53% over 2 years in diagnosed MCI patients. Within this app's own tracked 100mg B6 UL -- safe as a target. Not tested with B6 alone.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified Vitamin B6 amount to match against this dose.

Copper Floor
Mixed
Alzheimer's Disease patients (observational, multiple cohorts)
Preparation
N/A -- observational serum/dietary copper levels, no intervention
Dose
No intervention dose -- genuinely contradictory observational findings
Duration
N/A (cross-sectional/observational)

Genuinely contradictory, not just thin evidence: one study found dietary copper intake protective for cognition, while another found elevated serum copper indicates a pro-oxidant state detrimental to cognitive function, and higher copper is reported in Alzheimer's patients in some studies. Caregiver-relevant caution: do not treat copper supplementation as a target in either direction without better evidence -- this is a case where 'more' is not clearly 'better.'

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

Iron Floor
Mixed
Alzheimer's Disease patients (observational, multiple cohorts)
Preparation
N/A -- observational serum/brain iron levels, no intervention
Dose
No intervention dose -- mixed observational findings
Duration
N/A (cross-sectional/observational)

One study found higher iron concentration in Alzheimer's patients, suggesting excess iron may be harmful to brain health; another found no significant iron-cognition association at all. Caregiver-relevant caution: do not treat iron supplementation as a target in either direction without better evidence.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

Resveratrol Floor
Negative
Diagnosed Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (200mg/day arm); separately, mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's Disease patients (500-2,000mg/day arm)
Preparation
Oral resveratrol supplement
Dose
200 mg/day — 200mg/day, 26 weeks in diagnosed MCI patients -- no benefit found. Separately, 500-2,000mg/day, 52 weeks in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients -- also no cognitive benefit.
Duration
26-52 weeks depending on trial

Important caregiver-relevant negative finding, kept distinct from resveratrol's more promising healthy-adult evidence: the exact same 200mg/26-week protocol that improved memory and hippocampal connectivity in healthy older adults found NO significant memory improvement when tested specifically in diagnosed MCI patients (only metabolic/connectivity changes, not cognition). A much higher dose (500-2,000mg/day, 52 weeks) in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients found no cognitive benefit at all. Read as: plausible support before cognitive impairment is established, unconfirmed -- effectively contradicted -- once it already is.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


Matching products in this catalog
Product Content per capsule Needed to reach this dose
NOW Foods Resveratrol Capsules (Natural Trans-Resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum + Grape Seed Extract, 200mg, 120 Veg Capsules) 200.000 mg 1 capsule/day
Red Wine (Dry, Table) 0.044 mg 4504.5 fl ozs/day
Chlorogenic Acid Floor
Positive
Healthy elderly adults with subjective memory loss
Preparation
Chlorogenic acid supplement
Dose
330 mg/day — 330mg/day, 6 months (pilot RCT); other trials used 270-330mg over 2-16 weeks
Duration
6 months (pilot); shorter in other trials

Pilot RCT in elderly adults with subjective memory loss found significant improvement across memory, verbal memory, complex attention, cognitive flexibility, executive function, and motor speed. Multiple other RCTs at lower doses/shorter durations found improvements in psychomotor and motor speed. Consistent, repeated human RCT evidence across several independent trials, though not in a clinically diagnosed population.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


Matching products in this catalog
Product Content per tablespoon Needed to reach this dose
Jungle Powders Aronia Berry Powder (Organic) 53.40 mg 6.2 tablespoons/day
Curcumin Floor
Positive
Non-demented older adults with mild memory complaints (Small et al., UCLA, PET-imaging trial)
Preparation
Theracurmin -- proprietary highly-bioavailable curcumin formulation (~27x standard curcumin powder absorption)
Dose
180 mg/day — 180mg/day as Theracurmin specifically -- standard non-enhanced curcumin extract doses in other (non-imaging) trials run 500-1,500mg/day
Duration
18 months

The landmark human trial with brain-imaging confirmation: PET scans showed reduced amyloid/tau signal in mood/memory-related brain regions alongside improved verbal/visual memory and attention. Critical caveat: the dose that matters depends enormously on formulation bioavailability, not just raw milligram count -- this catalog's raw Turmeric cannot realistically reach either dose through normal cooking (turmeric is ~3% curcumin by weight, and lacks Theracurmin's absorption enhancement).

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


Matching products in this catalog
Product Content per capsule Needed to reach this dose
Integrative Therapeutics Theracurmin HP Capsules (300mg Theracurmin (Water-Dispersible Curcumin Extract), 27x Bioavailability, 120 Capsules) 300.000 mg 0.6 capsules/day
Turmeric (Ground) 94.20 mg 1.9 teaspoons/day
DHA Floor
Positive
Adults with memory complaints (6-month RCT); separately, 1,680 older adults in a multi-domain intervention (MAPT trial, 3 years) -- neither confirmed as clinically diagnosed MCI/AD
Preparation
Oral DHA supplement (fish-oil derived)
Dose
900 mg/day — 900mg/day (6-month RCT, adults with memory complaints); MAPT trial used 800mg/day as part of a multi-domain intervention
Duration
6 months to 3 years depending on trial

Cognition-specific DHA trials use meaningfully higher doses than general cardiovascular guidance (250-500mg combined EPA+DHA/day). Evidence is strongest specifically for adults with mild cognitive impairment or memory complaints -- trials in cognitively healthy older adults have generally NOT shown benefit. SAFETY NOTE: the higher end of the broader dose-response range sometimes cited for brain delivery (2g+/day) carries a real, dose-dependent atrial fibrillation risk at supplement-level intake (whole-food fish/omega-3 does not carry this risk). FDA calls up to 3g/day 'Generally Recognized As Safe'; bleeding risk mainly a concern above 5g/day.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified DHA amount to match against this dose.

Punicalagin Floor
Positive
Middle-aged/older adults with mild memory complaints
Preparation
Pomegranate juice
Dose
240 mL/day — 240mL (8oz) pomegranate juice/day
Duration
4 weeks (a separate 1-year RCT confirmed sustained effect)

Placebo-controlled trial in adults with mild memory complaints found significant improvement in verbal memory (Buschke selective reminding test) plus increased fMRI activity during memory tasks; a separate 1-year RCT confirmed sustained verbal memory improvement with regular juice consumption. Trials measured whole-juice effects rather than isolated punicalagin. Achievable via this catalog's Pomegranate Juice Powder -- though see this catalog's own Punicalagin research note on why hitting a meaningful dose that way conflicts with a keto diet's carb budget.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified Punicalagin amount to match against this dose.

Anthocyanins Floor
Mixed
Older adults with memory complaints or at risk for dementia
Preparation
Freeze-dried blackcurrant, or purified anthocyanin extract
Dose
250 mg/day — 250mg/day (24-week freeze-dried blackcurrant trial) or 320mg/day (24-week purified anthocyanin trial)
Duration
24 weeks

Individual RCTs in older adults with memory complaints or at risk for dementia found real hippocampal-dependent cognitive benefit at these doses. Important honesty caveat: a 2025 systematic review/meta-analysis pooling 14 RCTs (733 participants) found NO significant pooled effect specifically for working memory, verbal learning, immediate memory, or delayed memory -- promising in individual well-designed trials, not yet confirmed at the pooled-evidence level.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


Matching products in this catalog
Product Content per cup Needed to reach this dose
Kirkland Signature Three Berry Blend (Frozen) 189.00 mg 1.3 cups/day
Artificially-Sweetened Beverages Ceiling
Positive
1,484 Framingham Heart Study Offspring cohort participants, age 60+ at baseline (mean 69, 46% men), dementia-free
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake (diet soda/artificially-sweetened soft drinks specifically, distinguished from sugar-sweetened)
Dose
Daily cumulative intake vs. 0/week: HR 2.89 for Alzheimer's disease dementia. Regular sugar-sweetened beverages were NOT significantly associated with dementia in this same cohort.
Duration
10-year follow-up (surveillance began 1998)

A genuinely counterintuitive finding worth knowing before assuming 'diet soda is the safe swap': in this Framingham Offspring cohort (1,484 participants, 81 incident dementia cases, 63 Alzheimer's-consistent), higher recent and cumulative intake of ARTIFICIALLY sweetened soft drinks was associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, all-cause dementia, and Alzheimer's disease specifically (HR 2.89, 95% CI 1.18-7.07 for daily vs. never). Regular sugar-sweetened beverages were NOT significantly associated with stroke or dementia in this same cohort -- the opposite of what intuition might suggest. This doesn't clear sugary sodas (see the separate Sugars/UK Biobank finding in this tracker, with its own direct hippocampal-memory mechanism), but it does mean 'diet' isn't automatically the safer choice for brain health specifically.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Calcium Floor
Positive
PATH through Life Project cohort -- general older-adult population, longitudinal
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake
Dose
Higher dietary calcium associated with lower incident dementia risk -- no specific intervention dose reported
Duration
Longitudinal cohort

Same PATH through Life Project cohort as the Potassium entry above -- higher dietary calcium associated with lower all-cause/vascular dementia risk in the general older-adult population. Observational, no intervention dose exists to report.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

MIND Diet Adherence (dietary pattern) Floor
Positive
923 participants, ages 58-98 (Rush Memory and Aging Project cohort), dementia-free at baseline
Preparation
MIND diet (Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay) -- a 15-component hybrid of the Mediterranean and DASH diets, purpose-built for brain health. 10 brain-healthy food groups scored positively: green leafy vegetables, other vegetables, berries, nuts, beans, whole grains, seafood, poultry, olive oil, wine. 5 unhealthy food groups scored negatively: red meat, butter/stick margarine, cheese, pastries/sweets, fried/fast food. Score range 0-15.
Dose
Target servings: whole grains 3x/day (1/2 cup), olive oil 2x/day (1 Tbsp), leafy greens 1x/day + 1 other vegetable/day, nuts (1oz) and berries (1/2 cup) most days, beans every other day (1/2 cup), poultry 2x/week, fish 1x/week+. Limit: butter to 1 Tbsp/day, cheese/fast food/fried food to ~1x/week or less.
Duration
Average 4.5 years follow-up

The flagship 'complete diet' finding in this tracker, not a single-nutrient result: highest-tertile MIND diet adherence was associated with a 53% lower rate of Alzheimer's disease vs. lowest tertile (HR 0.47, 95% CI 0.26-0.76), with a real dose-response -- middle tertile still saw a 35% reduction (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.44-0.98). Notably, even MODERATE adherence conferred meaningful protection, not just strict/perfect adherence. This directly answers 'what does a complete brain-healthy diet look like': whole grains, olive oil, leafy greens/vegetables, nuts, berries, beans, poultry, and fish as the foundation, with red meat, butter, cheese, pastries/sweets, and fried/fast food deliberately limited rather than eliminated. General-population risk-reduction finding (cognitively healthy participants followed forward), not a treatment trial in already-diagnosed patients -- but the single most direct, evidence-backed answer to 'what should a complete diet for brain health look like.'

Sources: 1, 2 · Added 2026-08-17

Potassium Floor
Positive
PATH through Life Project cohort -- general older-adult population, longitudinal
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake
Dose
Higher dietary potassium (alongside calcium and magnesium) associated with lower incident dementia risk -- no specific intervention dose reported
Duration
Longitudinal cohort

The PATH through Life Project, a real longitudinal cohort of the general older-adult population, found higher dietary potassium (alongside calcium and magnesium) associated with lower risk of all-cause dementia, particularly vascular dementia. This is a population risk-reduction association in people not yet diagnosed, not a treatment trial in existing patients -- observational, no intervention dose exists to report.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

Sodium Ceiling
Positive
General population cohort (observational)
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake
Dose
2300 mg/day — Keep at or below 2,300mg/day (this app's existing Sodium CDRR)
Duration
Observational/cross-sectional

Higher dietary sodium associated with increased risk of memory deterioration, plausibly via cerebral small vessel disease (a leading cause of vascular dementia). Observational, not RCT -- a general-population risk association, not a treatment trial in diagnosed patients. Matches this app's existing 2,300mg Sodium CDRR rather than proposing a new number.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Sugars Ceiling
Positive
UK Biobank general population cohort (210,832 participants); separately, controlled-feeding study in midlife adults age 50-64
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake
Dose
50 g/day — Keep at or below 50g/day added sugar (this app's existing DV) -- higher intake dose-response associated with dementia risk
Duration
Cohort (observational) + short-term controlled-feeding study

Real, convergent evidence: a UK Biobank prospective cohort found higher total and free sugar intake significantly associated with dementia risk in a dose-response relationship (free sugar: HR 1.43 highest vs. lowest intake) -- strongest in women. Separately, a short-term controlled-feeding study in midlife adults found even acute excess added-sugar consumption significantly lowered hippocampal-dependent memory recall -- a direct mechanistic link, not just a long-term association. This is a general-population risk-reduction finding, not a treatment trial in already-diagnosed patients.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Trans Fat Ceiling
Positive
1,628 Japanese community residents age 60+, dementia-free at baseline (The Hisayama Study)
Preparation
N/A -- serum elaidic acid (trans 18:1 n-9), an objective biomarker for industrially-produced trans fat, not self-reported diet
Dose
Highest vs. lowest serum elaidic acid level -- no dietary-intake-gram target reported, this measured a blood biomarker directly
Duration
~10 years (2002-2003 to November 2012)

Of 1,628 dementia-free Japanese adults 60+ followed ~10 years, 377 developed dementia (247 Alzheimer's, 102 vascular). Higher serum elaidic acid (an objective trans-fat biomarker) was significantly associated with greater risk of all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease specifically, even after adjusting for traditional risk factors AND dietary factors -- no significant association found with vascular dementia specifically. Real, biomarker-based general-population evidence for avoiding industrially-produced trans fats (partially hydrogenated oils) -- distinct from and additional to the general Saturated Fat finding above.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Ultra-Processed Food Intake Ceiling
Positive
1,375 Framingham Heart Study participants, dementia/stroke-free at baseline, mean age 68±6, 54% female
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake, NOVA classification (packaged/industrially-formulated foods: sugary drinks, deli meats, fast food, packaged snacks, etc.)
Dose
In participants under 68 at baseline: each additional serving/day = 13% higher Alzheimer's risk (HR 1.13); 10+ servings/day vs. under 10 = 2.7x Alzheimer's risk (HR 2.71). No significant effect found in participants 68+ at baseline, or for all-cause dementia overall.
Duration
Framingham Heart Study, community-based, long-term follow-up

Directly addresses the 'fast food/packaged food is bad for the brain' intuition with real numbers: in Framingham Heart Study participants under 68 at baseline, each additional daily serving of ultra-processed food was associated with 13% higher Alzheimer's disease risk (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03-1.25), and eating 10+ servings/day vs. under 10 was associated with a 2.7-fold increase in Alzheimer's risk (HR 2.71, 95% CI 1.18-6.24) -- adjusted for age, sex, education, total energy, metabolic factors, and overall diet quality, so this isn't just a proxy for 'eats worse overall.' Effect was NOT significant in the 68+ subgroup or for all-cause dementia broadly -- a real limitation, not a universal finding. Separately, a UK Biobank analysis found 37% higher incident dementia risk with high UPF intake, and a Harvard-led study (5,370 older adults, ~9 years) found meaningfully higher cognitive decline risk with high UPF intake including sugary drinks, deli meats, and fast food specifically.

Sources: 1, 2 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Choline Floor
Mixed
Multiple cohorts; largest U-shaped finding from a population-based study of 125,000+ participants
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake (choline/phosphatidylcholine)
Dose
U-shaped relationship -- optimal range found at 332.89-353.93mg/day in one large study, BELOW this app's own 550mg Male AI; no single target defensible given the conflicting cohort picture
Duration
Cross-sectional/cohort

Multiple cohorts found dietary choline/phosphatidylcholine intake associated with lower dementia risk and better verbal fluency/memory -- but a large population-based study (125,000+ participants) found a genuinely U-shaped relationship: moderate intake (332.89-353.93mg/day) had the lowest odds of dementia, with the 2nd quartile outperforming both lower AND higher quartiles. That optimal range sits below this app's own 550mg Male AI. Population risk-reduction context, not a treatment trial in diagnosed patients -- read as 'hit a healthy range, don't chase a maximum.'

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

Fiber Floor
Mixed
Human cohort study; separately, supporting mouse-model mechanistic data
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake
Dose
34 g/day — Cognitive optimum found around ~34g/day -- moderately above this app's 28g DV; both deficiency AND excess carry a downside, this is a range to hit, not a maximum to chase
Duration
Cohort study (human) + separate mouse-model mechanistic work

Non-linear relationship, not simply 'more is better.' One study pins the cognitive optimum around ~34g/day fiber intake. Both extremes carry a real downside: deficiency itself impairs cognition (fiber-deprived mice showed measurable memory deficits via gut-microbiota changes and hippocampal synaptic loss -- a real mechanistic pathway, the gut-brain axis), while excessive intake is associated with GI adverse effects (bloating, diarrhea, abdominal discomfort) at levels 'markedly exceeding recommended levels.' Read as 'hit a healthy range, don't chase a maximum.'

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


No catalog product currently has a quantified Fiber amount to match against this dose.

Protein Floor
Mixed
General population cohorts (multiple studies, contradictory findings on source-specific effects)
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake; animal vs. plant source distinguished in some studies
Dose
No defensible target in either direction -- general adequate intake (this app's existing 56g Male RDA) is the only safe default
Duration
Multiple cohort studies

Genuinely contradictory, not just thin evidence: one study found higher protein intake associated with LOWER episodic memory and FASTER cognitive decline; another found high protein associated with BETTER memory and lower MCI risk. Protein source appears to matter and can point in opposite directions within the same research area: higher plant protein intake was linked to MORE cognitive decline risk in one study, while higher animal protein intake in the SAME study was linked to LESS. Do not treat protein intake as a cognitive-decline lever in either direction -- general adequate intake is the only defensible position until this genuinely conflicting picture resolves.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

Saturated Fat Ceiling
Mixed
General population, systematic review of multiple cohort studies (dietary intake); separately, a blood-biomarker cohort of 1,200+ adults
Preparation
N/A -- dietary intake and blood biomarker levels
Dose
20 g/day — Keep at or below 20g/day (this app's existing Saturated Fat DV) -- evidence is directionally consistent but explicitly 'not uniform' per the review
Duration
Systematic review across multiple cohort studies; a separate biomarker cohort followed 1,200+ adults

A systematic review found saturated fat intake positively associated with Alzheimer's risk in 3 of 4 studies (the 4th found an inverse relationship), total dementia risk in 1 of 2 studies, and cognitive decline in 2 of 4 studies -- real but explicitly 'not uniform.' A separate cohort of 1,200+ adults measuring blood (not just dietary) saturated fat levels found higher blood saturated fat associated with greater dementia risk directly. General-population risk-reduction evidence, not a treatment trial in already-diagnosed patients.

Sources: 1, 2 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Carbohydrates (severe/prolonged restriction) Ceiling
Safety
Single case report; separately, animal-model (mice/rats) and some human evidence of benefit in older adults
Preparation
Ketogenic diet / exogenous ketones
Dose
Case report: prolonged ketogenic diet use; benefit evidence mostly animal-model, with some human evidence of improved working memory/attention in older adults
Duration
Case report; symptoms improved within 2 months of discontinuing

Real evidence exists on both sides, not just theoretical. Benefit: ketogenic diet/exogenous ketones improve working memory and hippocampal function in mice/rats, with some human evidence of improved working memory/attention in older adults. Harm: a documented case report found prolonged ketogenic diet use associated with reversible memory, attention, and executive-function deficits that significantly improved within 2 months of discontinuing the diet. Temporary 'brain fog' in the first 1-2 weeks of starting keto is generally described as resolving as ketone production ramps up, but this case suggests genuinely prolonged, strict use is a different, less-studied question -- worth knowing before recommending long-term severe carbohydrate restriction to someone already managing cognitive decline, where the margin for an added cognitive burden is much thinner than in a healthy adult.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17


This is a limit to stay under, not a supplementation target -- no product match applies.

Hericium erinaceus (Yamabushitake) extract Floor
Safety
Single case report, male, age 63, no stated baseline cognitive-impairment status
Preparation
Commercial dry powder/extract product (marketed as a 'diet food')
Dose
Commercial recommended dose, daily for ~4 months before symptom onset
Duration
~4 months of use before adverse event

First published case report linking Hericium erinaceus extract to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), via an apparent delayed hypersensitivity/allergic mechanism -- a lymphocyte stimulation test showed strong reactivity against H. erinaceus extract, and the case was monitored via serum surfactant proteins. Not a cognition trial, but a real, sourced safety signal worth knowing before recommending sustained daily use of any Hericium erinaceus product to someone else (e.g. a caregiver dosing a patient) rather than a healthy, self-monitoring adult. A single case does not establish incidence -- it is the only adverse-event report this research pass surfaced, not evidence this is common.

Sources: 1 · Added 2026-08-17

Every non-Safety finding above, flattened into one target list. Achievability against the current food catalog is intentionally not considered here.

Macronutrient
Nutrient / Finding Direction Suggested Level Evidence Basis
DHA Floor 900 mg/day900mg/day (6-month RCT, adults with memory complaints); MAPT trial used 800mg/day as part of a multi-domain intervention Positive
At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial
Fiber Floor 34 g/dayCognitive optimum found around ~34g/day -- moderately above this app's 28g DV; both deficiency AND excess carry a downside, this is a range to hit, not a maximum to chase Mixed
Population Risk Cohort
Protein Floor No defensible target in either direction -- general adequate intake (this app's existing 56g Male RDA) is the only safe default Mixed
Population Risk Cohort
Saturated Fat Ceiling 20 g/dayKeep at or below 20g/day (this app's existing Saturated Fat DV) -- evidence is directionally consistent but explicitly 'not uniform' per the review Mixed
Population Risk Cohort
Sugars Ceiling 50 g/dayKeep at or below 50g/day added sugar (this app's existing DV) -- higher intake dose-response associated with dementia risk Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Trans Fat Ceiling Highest vs. lowest serum elaidic acid level -- no dietary-intake-gram target reported, this measured a blood biomarker directly Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Vitamin
Nutrient / Finding Direction Suggested Level Evidence Basis
Choline Floor U-shaped relationship -- optimal range found at 332.89-353.93mg/day in one large study, BELOW this app's own 550mg Male AI; no single target defensible given the conflicting cohort picture Mixed
Population Risk Cohort
Folate Floor 0.8 mg/day0.8mg/day folic acid + 0.5mg/day B12 + 20mg/day B6 combination Positive
Diagnosed Population Trial
Vitamin B12 Floor 0.5 mg/day0.5mg/day B12 + 0.8mg/day folic acid + 20mg/day B6 combination Positive
Diagnosed Population Trial
Vitamin B6 Floor 20 mg/day20mg/day B6 + 0.8mg/day folic acid + 0.5mg/day B12 combination Positive
Diagnosed Population Trial
Mineral
Nutrient / Finding Direction Suggested Level Evidence Basis
Calcium Floor Higher dietary calcium associated with lower incident dementia risk -- no specific intervention dose reported Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Copper Floor No intervention dose -- genuinely contradictory observational findings Mixed
Diagnosed Population Trial
Iron Floor No intervention dose -- mixed observational findings Mixed
Diagnosed Population Trial
Potassium Floor Higher dietary potassium (alongside calcium and magnesium) associated with lower incident dementia risk -- no specific intervention dose reported Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Sodium Ceiling 2300 mg/dayKeep at or below 2,300mg/day (this app's existing Sodium CDRR) Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Dietary Pattern
Nutrient / Finding Direction Suggested Level Evidence Basis
Artificially-Sweetened Beverages Ceiling Daily cumulative intake vs. 0/week: HR 2.89 for Alzheimer's disease dementia. Regular sugar-sweetened beverages were NOT significantly associated with dementia in this same cohort. Positive
Population Risk Cohort
MIND Diet Adherence (dietary pattern) Floor Target servings: whole grains 3x/day (1/2 cup), olive oil 2x/day (1 Tbsp), leafy greens 1x/day + 1 other vegetable/day, nuts (1oz) and berries (1/2 cup) most days, beans every other day (1/2 cup), poultry 2x/week, fish 1x/week+. Limit: butter to 1 Tbsp/day, cheese/fast food/fried food to ~1x/week or less. Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Ultra-Processed Food Intake Ceiling In participants under 68 at baseline: each additional serving/day = 13% higher Alzheimer's risk (HR 1.13); 10+ servings/day vs. under 10 = 2.7x Alzheimer's risk (HR 2.71). No significant effect found in participants 68+ at baseline, or for all-cause dementia overall. Positive
Population Risk Cohort
Compound
Nutrient / Finding Direction Suggested Level Evidence Basis
Anthocyanins Floor 250 mg/day250mg/day (24-week freeze-dried blackcurrant trial) or 320mg/day (24-week purified anthocyanin trial) Mixed
At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial
Chlorogenic Acid Floor 330 mg/day330mg/day, 6 months (pilot RCT); other trials used 270-330mg over 2-16 weeks Positive
At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial
Curcumin Floor 180 mg/day180mg/day as Theracurmin specifically -- standard non-enhanced curcumin extract doses in other (non-imaging) trials run 500-1,500mg/day Positive
At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial
Erinacine A Floor 5.25 mg/day350mg capsule (1.75mg erinacine A) x3/day Positive
Diagnosed Population Trial
Hericium erinaceus (whole fruiting body, dry powder) Floor 3 g/day4x250mg tablets, 3 times/day Positive
Diagnosed Population Trial
Phycocyanin Floor 1000 mg/day1g/day Spirulina maxima extract Positive
Diagnosed Population Trial
Punicalagin Floor 240 mL/day240mL (8oz) pomegranate juice/day Positive
At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial
Resveratrol Floor 200 mg/day200mg/day, 26 weeks in diagnosed MCI patients -- no benefit found. Separately, 500-2,000mg/day, 52 weeks in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients -- also no cognitive benefit. Negative
Diagnosed Population Trial

Cognitive Decline Diet

A caregiver-facing "what should a complete diet look like" reference, built from the same evidence as Cognitive Decline Research -- distinct from that page's trial-by-trial log, and from this app's own Health Goals (personal, healthy-adult targets). Expected to grow more tabs over time; dietary-pattern findings (like the MIND diet, which don't reduce to a single RDV-shaped number) are still held off this first tab. Compounds are included -- every one listed here has real cognitive-decline-specific research behind it, not pulled from the app's broader (unstudied-for-this-purpose) compound catalog.

From Study means a dementia-specific finding overrides the standard value below; a bolded "vs RDV" note means that study dose is meaningfully different from the standard RDV, not just a rounding difference. Standard RDV means no dementia-specific research exists for this nutrient (or the research found no defensible target either direction) -- the app's normal RDA/AI/DV is shown instead. Achievable via Diet? is a curated judgment call, not a mechanical catalog check: Food means realistically reachable through ordinary eating; Supplement means it realistically requires a supplement/capsule product; Both means either route is genuinely viable. Being built out one category at a time -- Not yet assessed means this nutrient hasn't been evaluated yet, not that it's unachievable.

Nutrient Direction Suggested Level Basis Standard RDV Achievable via Diet? Notes
Calories Floor 2000 kcal/day Standard RDV 2000 kcal
DV
Food
Carbohydrates Floor 275 g/day Standard RDV 275 g
DV
Food
Cholesterol Ceiling 300 mg/day max Standard RDV 300 mg
DV
Food
DHA Floor 900 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Both Positive At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial 900mg/day (6-month RCT, adults with memory complaints); MAPT trial used 800mg/day as part of a multi-domain intervention source
Fiber Floor 34 g/day
vs RDV: 28 g
From Study 28 g
DV
Both Mixed Population Risk Cohort Cognitive optimum found around ~34g/day -- moderately above this app's 28g DV; both deficiency AND excess carry a downside, this is a range to hit, not a maximum to chase source
Omega-3 Fatty Acids Floor 1.6 g/day Standard RDV 1.6 g (M) / 1.1 g (F)
AI
Food
Omega-6 Fatty Acids Floor 17 g/day Standard RDV 17 g (M) / 12 g (F)
AI
Food
Protein Floor 56 g/day Standard RDV 56 g (M) / 46 g (F)
RDA
Food Mixed Population Risk Cohort No defensible target in either direction -- general adequate intake (this app's existing 56g Male RDA) is the only safe default source
Saturated Fat Ceiling 20 g/day max From Study 20 g
DV
Food Mixed Population Risk Cohort Keep at or below 20g/day (this app's existing Saturated Fat DV) -- evidence is directionally consistent but explicitly 'not uniform' per the review source
Sugars Ceiling 50 g/day max From Study 50 g
DV
Food Positive Population Risk Cohort Keep at or below 50g/day added sugar (this app's existing DV) -- higher intake dose-response associated with dementia risk source
Total Fat Floor 78 g/day Standard RDV 78 g
DV
Food
Trans Fat Ceiling 2.2 g/day max Standard RDV 2.2 g
Reference
Food Positive Population Risk Cohort Highest vs. lowest serum elaidic acid level -- no dietary-intake-gram target reported, this measured a blood biomarker directly source

From Study means a dementia-specific finding overrides the standard value below; a bolded "vs RDV" note means that study dose is meaningfully different from the standard RDV, not just a rounding difference. Standard RDV means no dementia-specific research exists for this nutrient (or the research found no defensible target either direction) -- the app's normal RDA/AI/DV is shown instead. Achievable via Diet? is a curated judgment call, not a mechanical catalog check: Food means realistically reachable through ordinary eating; Supplement means it realistically requires a supplement/capsule product; Both means either route is genuinely viable. Being built out one category at a time -- Not yet assessed means this nutrient hasn't been evaluated yet, not that it's unachievable.

Nutrient Direction Suggested Level Basis Standard RDV Achievable via Diet? Notes
Beta-Carotene Floor 6000 µg/day Standard RDV 6000 µg
Reference
Not yet assessed
Biotin Floor 30 µg/day Standard RDV 30 µg
AI
Food
Choline Floor 550 mg/day Standard RDV 550 mg (M) / 425 mg (F)
AI
Food Mixed Population Risk Cohort U-shaped relationship -- optimal range found at 332.89-353.93mg/day in one large study, BELOW this app's own 550mg Male AI; no single target defensible given the conflicting cohort picture source
Folate Floor 0.8 mg/day
vs RDV: 400 µg
From Study 400 µg
RDA
Both Positive Diagnosed Population Trial 0.8mg/day folic acid + 0.5mg/day B12 + 20mg/day B6 combination source
Niacin (B3) Floor 16 mg/day Standard RDV 16 mg (M) / 14 mg (F)
RDA
Food
Pantothenic Acid (B5) Floor 5 mg/day Standard RDV 5 mg
AI
Food
Riboflavin (B2) Floor 1.3 mg/day Standard RDV 1.3 mg (M) / 1.1 mg (F)
RDA
Food
Thiamin (B1) Floor 1.2 mg/day Standard RDV 1.2 mg (M) / 1.1 mg (F)
RDA
Food
Vitamin A Floor 900 µg/day Standard RDV 900 µg (M) / 700 µg (F)
RDA
Food
Vitamin B12 Floor 0.5 mg/day
vs RDV: 2.4 µg
From Study 2.4 µg
RDA
Supplement Positive Diagnosed Population Trial 0.5mg/day B12 + 0.8mg/day folic acid + 20mg/day B6 combination source
Vitamin B6 Floor 20 mg/day
vs RDV: 1.3 mg
From Study 1.3 mg
RDA
Supplement Positive Diagnosed Population Trial 20mg/day B6 + 0.8mg/day folic acid + 0.5mg/day B12 combination source
Vitamin C Floor 90 mg/day Standard RDV 90 mg (M) / 75 mg (F)
RDA
Food
Vitamin D Floor 15 µg/day Standard RDV 15 µg
RDA
Both
Vitamin E Floor 15 mg/day Standard RDV 15 mg
RDA
Food
Vitamin K Floor 120 µg/day Standard RDV 120 µg (M) / 90 µg (F)
AI
Food

From Study means a dementia-specific finding overrides the standard value below; a bolded "vs RDV" note means that study dose is meaningfully different from the standard RDV, not just a rounding difference. Standard RDV means no dementia-specific research exists for this nutrient (or the research found no defensible target either direction) -- the app's normal RDA/AI/DV is shown instead. Achievable via Diet? is a curated judgment call, not a mechanical catalog check: Food means realistically reachable through ordinary eating; Supplement means it realistically requires a supplement/capsule product; Both means either route is genuinely viable. Being built out one category at a time -- Not yet assessed means this nutrient hasn't been evaluated yet, not that it's unachievable.

Nutrient Direction Suggested Level Basis Standard RDV Achievable via Diet? Notes
Calcium Floor 1000 mg/day Standard RDV 1000 mg
AI
Both Positive Population Risk Cohort Higher dietary calcium associated with lower incident dementia risk -- no specific intervention dose reported source
Copper Floor 0.9 mg/day Standard RDV 0.9 mg
RDA
Food Mixed Diagnosed Population Trial No intervention dose -- genuinely contradictory observational findings source
Iodine Floor 150 µg/day Standard RDV 150 µg
RDA
Not yet assessed
Iron Floor 8 mg/day Standard RDV 8 mg (M) / 18 mg (F)
RDA
Food Mixed Diagnosed Population Trial No intervention dose -- mixed observational findings source
Magnesium Floor 420 mg/day Standard RDV 420 mg (M) / 320 mg (F)
RDA
Both
Manganese Floor 2.3 mg/day Standard RDV 2.3 mg (M) / 1.8 mg (F)
AI
Food
Phosphorus Floor 700 mg/day Standard RDV 700 mg
RDA
Food
Potassium Floor 3400 mg/day Standard RDV 3400 mg (M) / 2600 mg (F)
AI
Food Positive Population Risk Cohort Higher dietary potassium (alongside calcium and magnesium) associated with lower incident dementia risk -- no specific intervention dose reported source
Selenium Floor 55 µg/day Standard RDV 55 µg
RDA
Food
Sodium Ceiling 2300 mg/day max From Study 2300 mg
CDRR
Food Positive Population Risk Cohort Keep at or below 2,300mg/day (this app's existing Sodium CDRR) source
Zinc Floor 11 mg/day Standard RDV 11 mg (M) / 8 mg (F)
RDA
Food

From Study means a dementia-specific finding overrides the standard value below; a bolded "vs RDV" note means that study dose is meaningfully different from the standard RDV, not just a rounding difference. Standard RDV means no dementia-specific research exists for this nutrient (or the research found no defensible target either direction) -- the app's normal RDA/AI/DV is shown instead. Achievable via Diet? is a curated judgment call, not a mechanical catalog check: Food means realistically reachable through ordinary eating; Supplement means it realistically requires a supplement/capsule product; Both means either route is genuinely viable. Being built out one category at a time -- Not yet assessed means this nutrient hasn't been evaluated yet, not that it's unachievable.

Nutrient Direction Suggested Level Basis Standard RDV Achievable via Diet? Notes
Anthocyanins Floor 250 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Both Mixed At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial 250mg/day (24-week freeze-dried blackcurrant trial) or 320mg/day (24-week purified anthocyanin trial) source
Chlorogenic Acid Floor 330 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Food Positive At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial 330mg/day, 6 months (pilot RCT); other trials used 270-330mg over 2-16 weeks source
Curcumin Floor 180 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Supplement Positive At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial 180mg/day as Theracurmin specifically -- standard non-enhanced curcumin extract doses in other (non-imaging) trials run 500-1,500mg/day source
Erinacine A Floor 5.25 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Supplement Positive Diagnosed Population Trial 350mg capsule (1.75mg erinacine A) x3/day source
Hericium erinaceus (whole fruiting body, dry powder) Floor 3 g/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Both Positive Diagnosed Population Trial 4x250mg tablets, 3 times/day source
Phycocyanin Floor 1000 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Supplement Positive Diagnosed Population Trial 1g/day Spirulina maxima extract source
Punicalagin Floor 240 mL/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Both Positive At-Risk / Memory Complaints Trial 240mL (8oz) pomegranate juice/day source
Resveratrol Floor 200 mg/day From Study No standard RDV tracked
Supplement Negative Diagnosed Population Trial 200mg/day, 26 weeks in diagnosed MCI patients -- no benefit found. Separately, 500-2,000mg/day, 52 weeks in mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's patients -- also no cognitive benefit. source

A starting point, not a meal plan: for every nutrient above where diet realistically helps, this takes its single best (fewest-servings) source from the tables above and lists how much of it covers that nutrient's full suggested level on its own. Where one item is the best source for several nutrients (e.g. Sardines for both Omega-3s and Vitamin D), it's listed once with the largest of those individual amounts -- not stacked -- and every nutrient it's covering. Foods and powders/supplements are kept separate since they're consumed differently.

Proteins
Food Amount Covers
Alaskan Sockeye Salmon (Raw) 1.3 oz DHA
Chicken Breast, Skinless (Raw) 2.9 oz Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Eggs (Raw) 3 large egg Biotin
Ribeye Steak (Raw) 7.1 oz Calories, Protein
Yellowfin Tuna (Raw) 0.5 oz Selenium
Seeds & Nuts
Food Amount Covers
Flax Seeds (Whole) 0.3 tablespoon Omega-3 Fatty Acids
Go Raw Sunflower Seeds (Go Raw Sprouted) (Organic, Sprouted, Unshelled, Sea Salted) 1.5 oz Vitamin E
Manitoba Harvest Hemp Hearts (Organic, Shelled) 2.1 tablespoon Iron, Magnesium, Manganese, Omega-6 Fatty Acids, Phosphorus
Sunflower Seeds (Dried Kernels) 1.8 oz Copper
Fruits & Vegetables
Food Amount Covers
Avocado, Medium (Raw) 4.7 medium avocado (flesh only) Total Fat, Potassium
Carrot (Raw) 1.2 medium carrot Beta-Carotene
Kirkland Signature Three Berry Blend (Frozen) 1.3 cup Anthocyanins
Spinach (Raw) 0.8 cup (raw, loosely packed) Vitamin K
Dairy & Alternatives
Food Amount Covers
Blue Diamond Almond Milk (Almond Breeze, Unsweetened, Original, Fortified) 2.2 cup Calcium
Greek Yogurt (Fat Free, Plain) 1.3 cup Iodine
Fats & Oils
Food Amount Covers
NOW Foods Sunflower Lecithin (Pure Powder) 1.7 tablespoon Choline
Other
Food Amount Covers
Honey 15.9 tablespoon Carbohydrates
Powders & Supplements
Product Amount Covers
Anthony's Nutritional Yeast Flakes (Fortified) 0.9 tablespoon Niacin (B3), Thiamin (B1), Riboflavin (B2), Folate
Anthony's Oat Fiber (Organic) 2.8 tablespoon Fiber
Integrative Therapeutics Theracurmin HP Capsules (300mg Theracurmin (Water-Dispersible Curcumin Extract), 27x Bioavailability, 120 Capsules) 0.6 capsule Curcumin
Jungle Powders Aronia Berry Powder (Organic) 6.2 tablespoon Chlorogenic Acid
Navitas Organics Camu Powder 0.1 teaspoon Vitamin C
Nootropics Depot Erinamax Lion's Mane Capsules (Liquid Culture Mycelium, 500mg, 2.5mg Erinacine A per Capsule, 60 Count) 1.0 capsule Erinacine A
NOW Foods Resveratrol Capsules (Natural Trans-Resveratrol from Polygonum cuspidatum + Grape Seed Extract, 200mg, 120 Veg Capsules) 1 capsule Resveratrol
NOW Foods Vitamin B6 Capsules (Pyridoxine HCl, 100mg, 250 Veg Capsules) 0.2 capsule Vitamin B6
Nutrex Hawaii Spirulina Powder (Pure Hawaiian) 2.3 teaspoon Vitamin A
Real Mushrooms Zinc and Vitamin D2 Capsules (with Organic Chaga and Reishi Mushroom Extracts) 0.4 capsule Zinc, Vitamin D
Thorne Vitamin B12 Capsules (Active Methylcobalamin, 1,000mcg, 60 Capsules) 0.5 capsule Vitamin B12